FIUME (1880s)
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FIUME
(Slav. Rjeka, Rieka or Reka, Ger. St Veit am Flauni), a royal free town and port
of Hungary; situated at the northern extremity of the Gulf of Quarnero, an inlet
of the Adriatic, and on a small stream called the Rjeka, Recina or Fiumara. -
Fiume is supposed to occupy the site of the ancient Liburnian town Tersatica;
later it received the name of Vitopolis, and eventually that of Fanum Sancti
Viti ad Flumen, from which its present name is derived. It was destroyed by
Charlemagne in 799, from which time it probably long remained under the dominion
of the Franks. It was held in feudal tenure from the patriarch of
Aquileia
by the bishop of Pola,
and afterwards, In 1139, by the counts of
Duino, who retained it
till the end of the 14th century.
It next passed into the hands of the counts of
Wallsee, by whom it was surrendered in 1471 to the emperor Frederick III., who
incorporated it with the dominions of the house of Austria. From this date till
1776
Fiume was ruled by
imperial governors.
In 1723 it was declared a free port by Charles VI.,
in 1776 united to Croatia by the empress Maria Theresa, and ~fl 1779 declared a
corpus separatum of the Hungarian crown. In 1809
Fiume was occupied by
the French; but it was retaken by the British in 1813, and restored to Austria
in the following year. It was ceded to Hungary in 1822, but after the revolution
of 1848-1849 was annexed to the crown lands of Croatia, under the government of
which it remained till it came under Hungarian control in 1870. In the 20th
century, the tug of war for domination of
Fiume
continued. As Rijeka,
it is today part of Croatia.
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