From Don Emilio Silvestri, Istria (1903)
General articles
Wind is the flow of
gases on a large
scale. On the surface of the
Earth, wind
consists of the bulk movement of air. In
outer
space,
solar wind is the movement of gases or charged particles from the
Sun through space,
while
planetary wind is the
outgassing
of light
chemical elements from a planet's atmosphere into space. Winds are commonly
classified by their
spatial scale, their
speed, the types
of forces that cause them, the regions in which they occur, and their effect.
The strongest observed winds on a planet in the
Solar
System occur on
Neptune and
Saturn. Winds
have various aspects:
velocity
(wind
speed); the density of the gas involved; energy content or
wind energy. Wind is also an important means of transportation for seeds and
small birds; with time things can travel thousands of miles in the wind.
In
meteorology, winds are often referred to according to their strength, and
the direction from which the wind is blowing. Short bursts of high-speed wind
are termed gusts. Strong winds of intermediate duration (around one minute) are
termed
squalls.
Long-duration winds have various names associated with their average strength,
such as breeze,
gale,
storm,
and
hurricane. Wind occurs on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting
tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and
lasting a few hours, to global winds resulting from the difference in absorption
of
solar energy between the
climate zones on Earth. The two main causes of large-scale
atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and
the poles, and the rotation of the planet (
Coriolis
effect). Within the tropics,
thermal
low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive
monsoon
circulations. In coastal areas the
sea breeze/land
breeze cycle can define local winds; in areas that have variable terrain,
mountain and valley breezes can dominate local winds.
In human civilization, the concept of wind has been explored in
mythology, influenced the events of history, expanded the range of transport
and warfare, and provided a
power
source for mechanical work, electricity, and recreation. Wind powers the
voyages of
sailing ships across Earth's oceans.
Hot air balloons use the wind to take short trips, and powered flight uses
it to increase lift and reduce fuel consumption. Areas of
wind shear
caused by various weather phenomena can lead to dangerous situations for
aircraft. When winds become strong, trees and human-made structures are damaged
or destroyed.
Winds can shape landforms, via a variety of
aeolian processes such as the formation of fertile soils, such as
loess, and by
erosion.
Dust from large deserts can be moved great distances from its source region by
the
prevailing winds; winds that are accelerated by rough topography and
associated with dust outbreaks have been assigned regional names in various
parts of the world because of their significant effects on those regions. Wind
also affects the spread of wildfires. Winds can disperse seeds from various
plants, enabling the survival and dispersal of those plant species, as well as
flying insect populations. When combined with cold temperatures, wind has a
negative impact on livestock. Wind affects animals' food stores, as well as
their hunting and defensive strategies. [Excerpt from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind.]
Bibliography:
-
ACI Club -
Weather - https://www.euro-agent.com/marine/weather.htm
-
Cruising
Guide Publications - Adriatic Cruising Guide -
https://www.artnoir.com/adriatic/cruise.g.html
-
Istria e costa Dalmata, Istituto Geografico DeAgostini
(Novara, 1998)
-
The Yugoslav Coast, Guide and Atlas, Jugoslavenski
Leksikografski Zavod (Zagreb, 1972)
-
TZ Primorsko-goranske ľupanije
- https://www.morsko-prase.hr/kvarner/kvarner0-i.htm
-
POLYtech s.c.r.l. Area Science Park
- https://polytech3.area.trieste.it/trieste/bora.htm
-
Naval Research Laboratory - Marine Meteorology
Division, Medex
Project - https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/~medex/
-
https://www.brela.hr/climate.htm
-
Adriatic
News and Information - https://www.artnoir.com/adriatic/cruise.g.html
-
Storms - https://www.morsko-prase.hr/kvarner/kvarner3-e.htm
-
https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/~cannon/medports/Venice/Hc_su.html
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