Fiorello H. La Guardia died in his sleep at 7:22 A.M. yesterday. He was 64
years old. At the bedside were his wife, the former Marie Fisher, who had been
his secretary while he was in Congress; their adopted children, Jean [daughter
of first wife Thea's sister], 18 years
old, and Eric, 15, and Mrs. La Guardia's sister, Miss Helen Fisher.
The three-time Mayor of New York had been in a coma since last Tuesday
night. Dr. George Baehr, his friend and personal physician, knew late Friday
that the end was approaching and remained through the night. At 5 A.M. Mr. La
Guardia's breathing became labored.
Shortly before 7:30 A.M. Dr. Baehr came to the door of the La Guardia home
at 5020 Goodridge Avenue, in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, and announced
to reporters who had kept the vigil with him: "Mr. La Guardia passed away at
7:22 A.M. His family was at his bedside."
Underwent Operation in JuneThe former Mayor's losing fight began last June when he underwent
surgery at Mount Sinai Hospital. The operation confirmed fears that the
ailment that had troubled him on and off for many years was cancer of the
pancreas. It had reached the incurable stage and his days were numbered.
A city of which he was as much a part as any of its public buildings awoke
to find the little firebrand dead. Its people had laughed with him and at him,
they had been entertained by his antics and they had been sobered by his
warnings, and they found it difficult to believe that the voice he had raised
in their behalf in the legislative halls of city and nation, on street corners
and over the radio, was stilled forever.
Mayor O'Dwyer, his successor, expressed this feeling. Although Mr. La
Guardia's death was expected, the Mayor said, his passing brought with it "a
shock of awful finality."
"In his death the people of the city, the State and nation have lost a
great, patriotic American citizen," the Mayor said.
Fire Department Tribute Sounds
The Fire Department's 5-5-5-5 signal, repeated four times, was heard in
fire houses throughout the city at 8:06 A.M. It is sounded as a mark of
respect on the death of a fireman killed in line of duty or on the passing of
a high official. At 8:15 the announcement of Mr. La Guardia's death went out
over the police teletype system. Custodians of all city buildings were
directed to lower flags to half staff.
During the morning the facade of City Hall, nerve center of Mr. La
Guardia's multifarious activities for the twelve years he was Mayor, was
draped in black.
The body was removed to a funeral home. In the afternoon it was taken to
the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, 112th Street and Amsterdam Avenue, where
the funeral services will be held at 2:30 P.M. tomorrow. At 3:40 P.M.
yesterday it lay in state in the St. James Chapel of the cathedral, where it
was viewed by members of the immediate family and present and former city
officials, headed by Mayor O'Dwyer and Police commissioner Arthur W.
Wallander.
A throng of several hundred persons had gathered, and they were permitted
to view the body when the immediate family, which included Mrs. La Guardia's
mother, Mrs. Alberta Martin, left at 5:10 P.M.
It had been announced that the public would be admitted beginning at 12:30
P.M. today. At 5:30 this afternoon the body will be moved from the chapel to
the nave of the cathedral, to which the public will be admitted as long as
there is a queue waiting. It will be on view again from 7:30 A.M. tomorrow
until the time of the funeral.
Funeral services will be conducted by the Right Rev. Charles K. Gilbert.
Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of New York. He will be assisted by
the cathedral clergy and the Rev. Gerald V. Barry, rector of Christ Church,
Riverdale, Mr. La Guardia's home parish.
Burial will take place at Woodlawn Cemetery, it was announced.
In a proclamation, Mayor O'Dwyer set aside tomorrow as a day of mourning
and directed that flags on all public buildings fly at half staff for a period
of thirty days.
Expressions of sorrow were voiced by President Truman in a message sent to
Mrs. La Guardia. Diplomats attending the United Nations General Assembly paid
tribute. Assembly President Oswaldo Aranha saying that the world had lost "a
champion of democracy." Trygve Lie, Secretary General, said the United Nations
would "miss the benefits of his remarkable administrative efforts." A minute
of silence, as delegates and spectators bowed their heads in prayer, was
observed by the Assembly.
Set Modern City Record
Fiorello H. La Guardia was the first man elected Mayor of New York for
three consecutive terms in modern times. He was the first reform Mayor ever
re-elected in the domain which Tammany Hall had ruled almost continuously for
many years until the fiery little man with the black hat and the angry tongue
crashed in to put the old-line politicians to rout. He was probably New York's
most colorful Mayor since Peter Stuyvesant.
Dynamite and aggressive, he appeared to be everywhere at once, rushing to
fires at times and at other times flying all over the country by airplane. A
fighter by nature he was always ready to take on all comers, big or little,
from Hitler to the man in the street.
He had told friends--and many students of politics agreed with him--that he
regarded as his greatest accomplishment an increase in efficiency and honesty
in municipal government throughout the United States by force of the example
of his administration in the nation's largest city.
This remained true even though he later became an international figure as
Director General of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration, a post he held from March to December, 1946. In that capacity
he led the fight against famine in many countries of Europe and,
characteristically, involved himself in numerous controversies.
In the first World War he was the pilot of a bombing plane on the Italian
front, and he kept on dropping bombs all his life--on "reactionaries,"
prohibitionists and Ku Klux Klanners in Congress during the Nineteen Twenties,
and on Tammany Hall during his long Mayoralty service.
Son of an Italian father, Mr. La Guardia, when he took office as Mayor on
Jan. 1, 1934, had climbed higher on the political ladder than any other
American of Italian descent. Until that time Mayor Rossi of San Francisco had
held the distinction of being the only Italian-American to be elected to a
comparable position.
Belligerent in Independence
The man who routed Tammany from City Hall and sent that organization, more
than a century old, into a period of decline was only about 5 feet 2 inches in
height, a rotund little man with a swarthy skin and a belligerent independence
that often verged on irascibility. A forelock of black hair invited comparison
with Napoleon. His voice was high, and in debate often became a screech. On
the platform he illustrated his speeches by act and gesture to emphasize his
most telling points, an advantage denied him in addresses by radio.
He was a glutton for work and acted as chairman of the United States
section of the United States- Canadian joint defense board during the second
World War and as president of the United States Conference of Mayors, besides
devoting his days and nights to his duties as Mayor of the biggest city in
America. For a time during the early part of the war he also served as
Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, but this was too much even for
him, and he had to give it up, although it was one of the great
disappointments of his life.
A crusader all his life in the interests of the underprivileged and the
oppressed, the "Little Flower" was a clever showman whose campaigns were
always spectacular and whose battles against corruption and special privileges
were usually successful. His enemies sometimes called him a demagogue, but to
his followers he was a latter-day St. George, bent on slaying the Tammany
Tiger rather than the fabled dragon. He was a New Dealer even before the New
Deal came into being and was associated with some of the most progressive
legislation in Congress, including the Labor Anti-Injunction Act in the
pre-Roosevelt days, and later the TVA Act.
Elected Mayor for the first time the year after Franklin D. Roosevelt's
first election as President, Mr. La Guardia proved much more of a New Dealer
than most old-school Democratic politicians. He sometimes referred to himself
as having been a "Socialist," and joined the American Labor party when it was
organized during the New Deal. His enemies often accused him loosely as being
a "Communist." But he refused to stay hitched to any party line, right, left
or middle-of-the-road, and was more of an independent political force than
anything else.
Although he professed disdain and contempt for "politicians," calling them
"clubhouse loafers" and "tin-horn gamblers," and even using choicer bits from
a vocabulary of invective surpassed only by that of Harold L. Ickes among his
contemporaries in public life, the Mayor was himself one of the shrewdest
politicians in the country. He was clever enough at this great American game
to play a lone hand and win against older politicians with strong political
machines behind them.
Partly because of his good relations with the New Deal, Mr. La Guardia was
able to get large amounts of Federal money for public works, and his
administration left New York with many improvements in the way of parks and
playgrounds, health clinics, public markets, bridges, housing developments and
other projects, including the La Guardia Airport and the Flushing Meadow Park,
on the site of the 1939-40 New York World's Fair.
Parents Came From Italy
Mr. La Guardia's parents came to the United States from Foggia, Italy. The
municipal archives there disclose that his father, Achille Luigi Carlo La
Guardia, married Irene Coen on June 3, 1880. The elder La Guardia said he had
no religion, but his bride professed the Jewish faith.
Although he was born on the East Side of Manhattan Dec. 11, 1882, Mr. La
Guardia was not a product of the city streets, as were former Governor Alfred
E. Smith and former Mayor James J. Walker. While he was still an infant, Mr.
La Guardia's father, a musician, became a bandmaster in the United States Army
and the La Guardias from that time lived on government reservations, chiefly
in the West. The future Mayor of New York passed his boyhood days at Fort
Whipple, Ariz., and finished his boyhood's education when he received his
diploma from the high school at Prescott, Ariz.
During the Spanish-American War the elder La Guardia was sent to Tampa,
Fla., with his regiment, and his family accompanied him. While there, young
Fiorello, then 15 years old, obtained a job as correspondent of The St. Louis
Post-Dispatch. One of the items he sent to the newspaper at that time was a
brief notice of his father's death. The elder La Guardia died from eating
"embalmed" beef, issued as part of the Army rations. The genesis of La
Guardia's zeal in exposing official corruption may be traced to this tragedy
of his youth. While in Congress he introduced a bill providing the death
penalty for anyone convicted of fraud in selling materials to the government
in wartime.
Because of his father's service as bandmaster of the Eleventh United States
Infantry, La Guardia was made the only honorary member of the Eleventh United
States Infantry Association, 1898- 1902, an organization of men who served in
that outfit during the Spanish-American War period.
A Consul in Fiume at 20
Soon after his father's death, young Fiorello accompanied relatives to
Budapest, where his mother's body is buried in the Jewish Cemetery. There at
the age of 19 he obtained employment in the United States Consulate. A few
months later he was sent to the consulate at Trieste as interpreter. When he
was 20 he became consul at Fiume, then part of Austria-Hungary.
After a row with officials at Fiume because of his refusal to line up
emigrants for a reception to the Archduchess Josepha, he decided to resign and
to return to America.
Working his way home, Mr. La Guardia, through his knowledge of
Yiddish, German, French, Italian and several Croatian dialects,
obtained a job as interpreter at Ellis Island. He attended New York University
Law School at night, and eventually was transferred to the legal department of
the immigration service.
In 1914 Mr. La Guardia obtained the Republican nomination for
Representative in the old Fourteenth Congressional District in lower
Manhattan, a nomination for which he had no competition because the district
was regarded as overwhelmingly Democratic. He was beaten but cut his
Democratic opponent's plurality to a record low.
Turned Defeat Into Victory
Undiscouraged by his defeat, Mr. La Guardia established a sort of one-man
legal-aid bureau, often offering professional advice and appearing in court
without fee in behalf of those too poor to pay for legal service. In this way
he made many friends, and two years later he surprised local politicians by
being elected Representative in this district by a small plurality.
As a new Representative, Mr. La Guardia aligned himself with the liberal
element in Congress, joining in a successful fight for the liberalization of
the rules of the House. Although his district was regarded as strongly
pacifist, he voted for war with Germany and for the draft.
Rejecting offers of appointment to several non-combatant posts in the Army,
Mr. La Guardia applied for admission to the training camp at Plattsburg.
Rejected as too short, he got his friend, Giuseppe Bellanca, to teach him to
fly and was commissioned in the Army Air Service with the rank of lieutenant.
He was sent overseas with a bombing squadron to the Italian front.
The morale of the civilians and armed forces of Italy at that time was at a
low point as the result of a series of military reverses. The young
Italian-American aviator, who had risen to a place in the American Congress,
was chosen to deliver a series of "pep" talks and tos informed that his
speeches would receive official endorsement only if successful.
Mr. La Guardia was unbelievably successful as a propagandist. He addressed
mass meetings in Milan, Genoa, Rome, Turin, Naples, Bologna and a dozen other
Italian cities, and stirred up tremendous enthusiasm. For his services as a
spellbinder the Italian Government made him a commendatore. His war service,
however, did not consist entirely of speech-making. He came home with two
wound stripes, the result of crack-ups while bombing the Austrian lines. He
received the Italian War Cross and was promoted to major. His observer on
bombing expeditions was Major Negrotto, a member of the Italian Parliamhe
Italian War Cross and was promoted to major. His observer on bombing
expeditions was Major Negrotto, a member of the Italian Parliament. The
biplane they flew was nicknamed the Congressional Limited.
Headed Board of Aldermen
After his return home from the war he was drafted by Samuel S. Koenig, then
New York County Republican chairman, to run for President of the old Board of
Aldermen to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Alfred E. Smith as
Governor. He was elected in 1919 and for the next two years engaged in
frequent wordy controversies with John F. Hylan, then Mayor, and Charles L.
Craig, then Controller. He gave up the city poepublicans who welcomed "the
return to normalcy" of President Harding and, in the days of Harding's
successor, "keeping cool with Coolidge," joined the "progressive" group in
Congress. Denied a Republican renomination, he supported the elder Senator
Robert M. La Follette, Farmer-Labor party candidate for President, in 1924,
and was re-elected to the House as the nominee of the Socialist and
Progressive parties.
In the House, Mr. La Guardia was an active member of the progressive group.
He had favored woman suffrage and opposed child labor. He was strongly opposed
to prohibition and gained headlines in the newspapers by making what he
declared to be a legal beverage by pouringe was strongly opposed to
prohibition and gained headlines in the newspapers by making what he declared
to be a legal beverage by pouring together two-thirds of a bottle of malt
tonic and one-third of a bottle of near-beer with one-half of 1 per cent of
alcoholic content.
Two Federal judges resigned under the fire of his attacks and a third was
censured. It has been estimated that he saved the government millions of
dollars by objecting to scores of small pork- barrel bills and demanding proof
of their need from their sponsors.
Beaten by Walker for Mayor
It was in 1929 that Mr. La Guardia first ran for election as Mayor. Because
he had been a bolter throughout his political career, conservative Republicans
showed no hesitancy in deserting him. Attacked as a "Red" and characterized as
"a sawed-off Mussolini" during the campaign, his record in Congress as a
chronic dissenter from Republican policy was too much for residents of the
"silk stocking" Fifteenth Assembly District and Old Guard Republicans. He was
beaten by Mayor James J. Walker by a few votes short of a half a million.
Three years later, in 1932, he was defeated for re-election to the House of
Representatives in the landslide that saw the election of Franklin D.
Roosevelt to the Presidency.
If Tammany believed that it had put Mayor La Guafeat for Mayor in 1929,
both were doomed to disappointment. In the interim the Hofstadter legislative
committee, with Samuel Seabury as counsel, had uncovered many instances of
graft in the Walker administration and the debonair Mayor had resigned while
under charges, and John P. O'Brien, Tammany Democrat, had been elected Mayor
for the rest of the Walker term in the Roosevelt landslide of 1932. Mr.
Seabury had taken the position that he would support only Mr. La Guardia for
Mayor. Although a Republican-Fusion committee had picked Major Gen. John F.
O'Ryan as their candidate, General O'Ryan withdrew, clearing the way for Major
La Guardia's candidacy.
The campaign which followed was one of the most hard-fought in many years.
Tammany renominated Mayor O'Brien, and the Roosevelt wing of the Democratic
party, headed by James A. Farley, then Democratic National Chairman, nominated
Joseph V. McKee, Aldermanic President, on the independent Recovery party
ticket.
Mr. La Guardia, taking advantage of an opening given him by Mr. McKee, at
first regarded as the probable winner, revealed an article which the former
Aldermanic President had written eighteen years earlier expressing a low
opinion of the then rising generation of Jews. The charge of anti- Semitism
against Mr. McKee, coupled with the popular uprising against
machine-controlled politics, resulted in the election of Mayor La Guardia by a
plurality of 281,850 over McKee and a plurality of 259,469 over Mayor O'Brien.
From the beginning of his term as Mayor Mr. La Guardia made it apparent
that he was sincere in his determination to give New York City an honest,
non-partisan administration. His cabinet appointments were mostly on a
non-partisan basis. He went outside the city to get experts to head the Health
and Correction Departments. Head of the Hospital Department, internationally
famous in his field, was a brother of the law partner of Edward J. Flynn,
Bronx Democratic leader and subsequently Democratic National Chairman. At the
head of the Parks Department Mayor La Guardia placed Robert Moses, whose work
in rehabilitating the city's parks and in building playgrounds came to be one
of the major assets of the administration. He retained John H. Delaney, a
Democrat but an experienced and efficient official in his particular field, as
chairman of the Board of Transportation.
Mayor La Guardia attempted--and even his opponents credited the honesty of
his efforts--to give the city an honest administration, to eliminate graft and
to rid the city payrolls of unneeded employees.
Never did Mayor La Guardia swerve in his announced determination to make
New York a better place in which to live. He paid unexpected inspection visits
to city institutions. He personally investigated complaints by citizens. He
devoted long hours to mediation of labor disputes.
Settled Many Strikes
Although his peppery temperament brought some criticism, Mayor La Guardia
was instrumental in settling many strikes in the city, notwithstanding he
sometimes was charged with favoring the labor side of the controversy. He
repeatedly cautioned the police against using clubs or pistols in dispersing
groups of unemployed or striking workers, but instructed police officers to
maintain law and order and prevent violence by either side.
He supported President Roosevelt for re-election in 1936, 1940 and 1944,
voting as a member of the American Labor party, which he was largely
instrumental in organizing in 1936. He was a leader in the successful campaign
for a new city charter and adoption of the proportional representation method
of electing members of the City Council, which won on a referendum in 1936.
He aided the drive for slum clearance and low-cost housing through
cooperation of the State and Federal Governments. He improved the efficiency
of the Police and Fire Departments, replaced General O'Ryan, who had resigned
as Police Commissn, ordered known gangsters arrested whenever they appeared in
public and conducted a continuous war against slot machines and all gambling
rackets.
Early in 1937, Mayor La Guardia created an international incident by a
speech before the women's division of the American Jewish Congress in New
York, characterizing Adolf Hitler as a fanatic menacing the peace of the world
and suggesting that he be made a central figure in the World's Fair Chamber of
Horrors. The German Embassy twice made formal complaints at Washington, and
Secretary of State Hull twice apologized.
Interested in music from boyhood, Mayor La Guardia sought an anthem for
this city, frequently attended the opera and concerts and on occasions led
symphony orchestras. He established a series of Summer City Halls, at the
Bartow Mansion in the Bronx, in the old Chisholm mansion in College Point
Park, and at the former Arrow Brook Golf and Country Club in Queens. When the
city purchased the Gracie Mansion on the upper East Side of Manhattan, it
became the Mayor's residence.
His reputation for conducting what a majority of New York residents
regarded as an honest administration stood him in good stead in 1937 when he
was made the Fusion candidate for re- election, despite early Republican
opposition. He won re-election easily, defeating Jeremiah T. Mahoney,
Democratic candidate, by 453,374.
A major achievement of Mayor La Guardia was purchase by the city of the
rapid transit lines of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and the
Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Company. This was accomplished in June, 1940, at a
total cost of $326,000,000 bringing about a unification of these lines, which
had been sought unsuccessfully for many years.
In 1941 Mayor La Guardia again was the Fusion nominee. In a bitterly
contested campaign, during which he was criticized for intemperate speeches,
Mayor La Guardia was elected for his third term by a plurality of 132,283 over
William O'Dwyer, the District Attorney of Kings County, the Democratic
candidate.
Long before Pearl Harbor, Mayor La Guardia foresaw the probability of war
with the Axis powers. In speeches and statements he frequently assailed Hitler
and Mussolini. At the time of the Japanese attack on Dec. 7, 1941, he already
had organized the air wardens and other civilian defense agencies, and acted
at once to put the city in readiness for a possible air raid.
Started Civilian Defense
With Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of the President, who was his assistant
as Director of Civilian Defense, Mayor Ls desirable, and probably overworked
by his manifold duties, Mayor La Guardia was subjected to some criticism and
ridicule for his methods as Defense Director, and the President replaced him
with James M. Landis. It was the one job in his entire career up to that time
in which he was not successful.
Eager for a commission in the Army since the day that the United States
entered the war, Mayor La Guardia succeeded in bringing about passage by the
Legislature of the Ostertag bill granting him leave of absence on his entrance
into the armed forces. This bill, which was signed by Governor Dewey, was
passed without the larger number of the members of the Legislature realizing
its purpose, and, as it would have prevented an election the following
November, was scheduled to receive a court test of its validity.
At the time the bill was passed, it was believed that Mayor La Guardia was
scheduled to receive a commission as brigadier general and would be sent to
North Africa to be assigned as military Governor in one of the occupied
countries with considerable Italian population. Opposition developed in the
War Department, the high command of the Army and among members of the Senate,
to which a nomination for brigadier general must have gone for confirmation.
First, President Roosevelt said at a press conference that he had no plans
to nominate the Mayor for a commission. Then Secretary of War Stimson
announced that Mayor La Guardia had offered his services to the armed forces
but that it was very difficult to find any place in the Army in which he could
be as helpful as in the mayoralty. Secretary Stimson added that he felt the
Mayor was rendering directly to New York and indirectly to the nation service
of great value.
Backed OPA Aims
As Mayor, Mr. La Guardia worked vigorously for the maintenance of the
Office of Price Administration ceilings on food, rents and other necessities,
but he frequently quarreled with the administration of that agency. On several
occasions he threatened to end the cooperation of the city government with the
OPA unless it adopted policies to his liking.
He came under fire from two powerful teacher groups for alleged
interference with the Board of Education. The National Education Association
and the American Federation of Teachers both accused him of having injured the
public school system by such activities, and the NEA, after a series of public
and private hearings, declared he had exercised illegal influence over the
schools. Mr. La Guardia retorted that the members of the NECounty grand juries
criticized the Mayor sharply in the autumn of 1943. In November the sitting
grand jury condemned him for tolerating a "most unusual and extremely
deplorable state of lawlessness" in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of
Brooklyn. A month later the July grand jury, which had been held over while it
carried on an extensive investigation, declared in a presentment that he had
failed to provide adequate police protection to Brooklyn.
These accumulated criticism began to have some effect and political
observers speculated over whether the Mayor would run for a fourth term in
1945. With his usual disregard for party loyalty, the Mayor campaigned
vigorously for President Roosevelt's re-election to a fourth term in the fall
of 1944, thereby further antagonizing the Republican party organization, which
had supported him in his three successful mayoralty races.
In the winter and spring of 1945 Mayor La Guardia made two moves that
turned out to be extremely unpopular and brought him widespread criticism. One
was his alleged intervention in the case of an American Navy petty officer who
had been accused of the seduction of an Italian girl. The sailor's wife
protested that her husband was being condemned without a hearing. The case
caused a wide furor, and the City Council adopted a resolution censuring the
Mayor for his part in it.
Defied Wartime Curfew
A more serious matter was his public defiance of the midnight curfew
imposed by War Mobilization Director James F. Byrnes on bars, night clubs and
other places of amusement in March, 1945. Mayor La Guardia announced on his
own authority that he would allow an "hour of tolerance" to New York City
establishments. This brought nation-wide criticism on his head. In the end he
was balked when the Army and Navy forbade men in uniform from entering such
places, and stationed shore patrols and military police outside them to
enforce the ruling. Virtually all of the affected places decided that it would
be unwise to remain open to serve civilians, with men in uniform barred.
The death of President Roosevelt in April and the accession of President
Harry S. Truman, who had been sharply critical of Mayor La Guardia when his
appointment to a high post in the Army was under consideration, was a severe
political blow to the Mayor. In previous campaigns he had been able to count
on at least the benevolent neutrality of the White House, but this was no
longer true.
On May 6, 1945, Mayor La Guardia announced in the course of his regular
Sunday broadcast oveation in office and to personal considerations. He added
that it was his personal conviction he could be elected "without any trouble,"
and without the backing of any regular political party.
Many qualified observers of the political scene concluded, however, that
Mr. La Guardia had decided that it would be impossible for him to obtain
renomination by the Republican party, or to be elected without it. The
attitude of the Liberal party was a contributing factor. It had been formed by
right-wing dissidents from the American Labor party, who were bitter at the
Mayor for not having supported them in their intraparty fight with the left
wing.
Mayor La Guardia backed the campaign of Newbold Morris for the Mayoralty on
the No Deal party ticket. It was widely believed that he had instigated it. In
the three-cornered race that developed, O'Dwyer, the regular Democratic
candidate, won an easy victory.
On Dec. 31, 1945, Mr. La Guardia moved out of City Hall after having served
twelve years as Mayor. In that time he had drastically altered the city in
many ways. Its physical plant, its governmental structure and its political
and social patterns had all been changed tremendously. A new city charter had
been adopted in 1938; appointees of Mr. La Guardia filled the board of
magistrates and virtually every other long-term appointive office, and the
power of Tammany Hall had been reduced to a shadow.
Began Radio Broadcasts
He began two series of radio broadcasts under commercial sponsorship. In
one of them, under a contract with a dairy concern, he commented on local
affairs; in the other, under the sponsorship of Liberty Magazine, he discussed
the national scene. This latter, however, came to an abrupt end after a few
months, when Liberty released him from his contract for more than $100,000 a
year because of alleged "reckless and irresponsible statements."
Meanwhile, in January, 1946, Mr. La Guardia attended the inauguration of
Gen. Eurico Caspar Dutra as President of Brazil, representing President Truman
as his special Ambassador. Two months later, on March 21, he was nominated to
be Director General of UNRRA in succession to Herbert H. Lehman.
Assuming the new post on March 29, Mr. La Guardia found many nations of
Europe were in danger of famine. With characteristic energy he spearheaded an
international drive to get food for the starving countries. He traveled widely
through this country and Europe in this connection, conferring, among others
with Marshal Stalin in Moscow, the Pope in Rome and Marshal Tito in
Yugoslavia.
He became engaged in several controversies in his new role. The one that
attracted most attention was his removal of Lieut. Gen. Sir Frederick Morgan,
a distinguished British soldier, as director of UNRRA work in Germany, on the
ground that Sir Frederick had inspired newspaper stories of alleged Russian
spying endeavors in the British and American zones.
In December, 1946 Mr. La Guardia retired as Director General of UNRRA,
after it had become evident that the governments of the United States and
Great Britain, which had provided most of the money and food for the
organization, would no longer continue to support it. Mr. La Guardia vainly
argued for a $400,000,000 emergency food fund to be administered through the
United Nations.
On April 8, 1947, Mr. La Guardia was named as the winner of the annual One
World Award for press and radio.
Mr. La Guardia married twice. His first wife was Thea Almerigotti. After
her death he married in 1929, Marie Fisher, who had been his secretary while
he was a member of the House of Representatives. They adopted two children,
Jean Marie, now 18 years old and Eric, 15.
Said His Own Generation Lacked Courage, Vision
The last public appearance of former Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia at an
official event was believed to have been as a speaker at commencement
exercises June 3 at the Horace Mann School for Boys in Fieldston, the Bronx.
He told the graduating class:
"My generation has failed miserably. We've failed because of lack
of courage and vision. It requires more courage to keep the peace than to go
to war."
The former Mayor had been scheduled for eight lectures on government and
citizenship at Town Hall. The series would have started in October. It was
also announced that he would advise Congress this fall about reorganizing the
District of Columbia government
Source: